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CNC technology is also called computerized numerical control technology, which is a technology that uses computers to realize digital program control. This technique uses a computer to perform control functions on the device in accordance with a previously stored control program. Since the computers are used to replace the numerical control device which is originally composed of hardware logic circuits, the realization of various control functions such as storage, processing, calculation, logic judgment of input data can be completed by computer software. CNC technology is an important part of manufacturing information technology.
In 1948, Parsons of the United States was commissioned by the US Air Force to develop processing equipment for the helicopter propeller blade profile inspection. Due to the complex and diverse shape of the template, the processing accuracy is high, and the general processing equipment is difficult to adapt. Therefore, the computerized numerical control machine tool is proposed.
In 1949, the company began research together with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and in 1952 successfully produced the first three-axis CNC milling machine. At that time, the numerical control device used tube components.
In 1959, the numerical control device used transistor components and printed circuit boards, and a CNC machine tool with an automatic tool changer was called a machining center, which made the computerized numerical control device enter the second generation.
In 1965, the third-generation integrated circuit numerical control device appeared, which not only had a small volume, low power consumption, but also improved reliability and further reduced price, which promoted the development of CNC machine tools and output.
At the end of the 1960s, a direct computerized numerical control system, also known as a group control system, was directly controlled by a computer. It adopts a small computer-controlled computer numerical control system, which makes the computerized numerical control device enter the fourth generation characterized by small computerization.
In 1974, a microcomputer computerized numerical control device using a microprocessor and a semiconductor memory was successfully developed, which is a fifth-generation computerized numerical control system.
In the early 1980s, with the development of computer software and hardware technology, there appeared a computerized numerical control device capable of automatic programming of human-machine dialogue. The numerical control device is becoming smaller and smaller and can be directly mounted on the machine tool. The automation of CNC machine tools is further improved, with automatic monitoring of tool breakage and automatic detection of workpieces.
In the late 1990s, the PC+CNC intelligent computerized numerical control system appeared, that is, the PC was used as the hardware part of the control system, and the NC software system was installed on the PC. This method is easy to maintain and easy to implement networked manufacturing.
Computerized numerical control technology and numerical control equipment are important foundations for manufacturing industrial modernization. Whether this foundation is strong or not directly affects a country's economic development and overall national strength, and is related to the strategic position of a country. Therefore, all industrialized countries in the world have taken major measures to develop their own numerical control technology and its industry.
In China, the development of computerized numerical control technology and equipment has also been highly valued and has made considerable progress. Especially in the field of general-purpose microcomputer numerical control, the domestic CNC system based on the PC platform has already taken the lead in the world. However, China has many problems in numerical control technology research and industrial development, especially in technological innovation capability, the process of commercialization, and market share. When the new century comes, how to effectively solve these problems is an important task faced by CNC research and development departments and manufacturers. This will enable China's numerical control field to follow the path of sustainable development and move into the world's advanced ranks as a whole, making us a pivotal position in international competition.
