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Fusion deposition method uses filamentous material (paraffin, metal, plastic, low melting point alloy wire) as raw material, and uses electric heating method to heat the wire slightly higher than the melting temperature (about 1 C higher than the melting point). Under the control of computer, the sprinkler works in X-Y plane motion, and the fused material is coated on the workbench. After cooling, a worker is formed. After one layer of cross-section and one layer of forming, the sprinkler moves up one layer of height and coats the next layer, thus forming three-dimensional workpiece layer by layer. The method has the advantages of less pollution and recyclable materials, and can be used for the forming of medium and small workpieces.
Brief introduction of melt stratification technology
Fused deposition is to melt filamentous hot melting material by heating and extrude it through a nozzle with a micro nozzle. The desktop 3D printer of FDM technology mainly uses ABS and PLA as materials. PLA is a biodegradable plastic, non-toxic, environmentally friendly, almost tasteless in production, and the deformation of finished products is small. So it is the mainstream in foreign countries at present. Desktop-level 3D printers use PLA instead. FDM technology has the advantages of simple manufacture and low cost, but desktop-level FDM printers are difficult to accurately control the shape and effect of discharging due to the simple structure of discharging material. At the same time, temperature has a great impact on the forming effect of FDM. Desktop-level FDM 3D printers usually lack constant temperature equipment, so desktop-level 3D printers based on FDM are usually lack of constant temperature equipment. The printer's precision is usually 0.3mm-0.2mm. A few high-end models can support 0.1mm thickness. However, the effect of temperature is very large, and the effect of finished products is still not stable. In addition, most of the products produced by FDM models have "step effect" caused by layered deposition, which is difficult to achieve the WYSIWYG 3D printing effect. Therefore, FDM is seldom used in rapid prototyping field with high precision requirements.
Advantages and disadvantages of melt stratification
1. Advantages
(1) The operating environment is clean and safe, and it is carried out in office classes;
(2) The process is clean, simple, easy to operate and does not produce garbage;
(3) High dimensional accuracy, good surface quality, easy assembly, can quickly build bottle or hollow parts;
(4) Raw materials are provided in the form of reel wires, which are easy to be transported and quickly replaced.
(5) The raw materials are cheap;
(6) High utilization rate of materials;
(7) There are many materials available, such as dyed ABS, PLA and medical ABD, PC, PPSF, artificial rubber and casting wax.
2. Disadvantages:
(1) It is difficult to construct parts with complex structure because of low precision.
(2) The strength in the vertical direction with the cross section is small.
(3) The forming speed is relatively slow, which is not suitable for building large parts.
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